2003年考研英语翻译试题：
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it.Humans are thoughtful and creative，possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61)Furthermore，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live，thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore，it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner，with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology”derives from the Green words anthropos“human”and logos“the study of”.By its very name，anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography，economics，political science，psychology，and sociology.Each of thesesoical sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity.Anthropology is a fieldstudy oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (63)The emphasis on data gathered firsthand，combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present，makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science. (64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. This insight，so profound in its simplicity，opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understa nding human life.Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned，shared，and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus，the anthropological concept of“culture”，like the concept of“set”in mathematics，is an abstract concept whichmakes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
cross-cultrual perspective 跨文化的角度
concrete research 具体研究
subject…to…使…服从于
in… manner 以…方式;用…方法
seek to 力图;试图;设法
combined with 加上;连同
bring to 加进;使用;采用
define…as… 把…定义为
makes…possible 使…成为可能
全文参考翻译
人类无时无地不在探究他们所居住的这个世界，并且惊叹于他们所处的地方。人类有思想、有创造性，而且具有难以满足的求知欲。(61)而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。因此，运用冷静和系统的方法对人类的广泛性与多样性进行研究，是至关重要的。我们希望通过这些研究获得的知识可以促进人与人之间、以及人类与地球上的所有其他物种更加和谐地共存。
“人类学”一词起源于希腊语anthropos(人类)和logos(对于…的研究)。顾名思义，人类学包含了对全人类的研究。
人类学属于社会科学。(62)社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学有研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
社会科学包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学等学科。社会学的每一学科都包含一门与人类学密切相关的分支或专业。
一切社会科学都以研究人类为核心。人类学是一门以实地考查为导向的学科，在研究中需要广泛地运用比较法。(63)强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
人类学的研究在很大程度上取决于文化观念。爱德华?泰勒先生提出的文化概念是十九世纪杰出的理论成就之一。(64)泰勒把文化定义为“…一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的主仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。这一概念虽然简洁，但却含义深刻，它为认识和理解人类生活开创了一条崭新的道路。泰勒关于文化的定义暗示出这样一个概念，即文化是后天习得的、与他人共享的和形成固定模式的行为。
(65)因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
nothing but 只不过是
by means of 通过;借助于
by the help of 通过…的帮助
in a sort of sense 从某种意义上来说
manage to do sth. 设法做到
extract …from 从……提炼出
out of…起源;来源;根据
build up 建立;树立
by no means 绝不
be compared with 与……相比
a sort of 某种
set…… in motion 开始;
differ in…在…方面不同
go through 经历;经受;仔细检查
in the one case =on the one hand
in the course of the day=during the day
a train of=a series of=an array of=a variety of
2007考研英语翻译试题：
2007年研究生入学考试尘埃落定，翻译试题成为最为引人注目热点话题。2005被替换掉的试题居然平凡昭雪，重新披挂上阵。但是由于是老题，所以考点依然，做题方法依然。这篇文章阐述了高校普法教育的重要性，尤其强调了新闻工作者学习法律知识对其工作的指导意义。考题体现的依然是被动语态（1句），定语从句（3句），同位语从句（1句），A of B结构（4句），代词呼应（2句）。词汇部分没有出现超纲词，且重复频率很高，我们在考研班反复强调过的核心词汇如，intellectual(知识的), view as（认为…就是）, rather than, idea（观点，看法，理论，理念）, rest on（取决于，依赖于）, while（然而）等词汇再次出现，翻译方法亦如既往，再次告诉我们紧贴考研真题复习的重要性。整体而言过于复杂眩目的句式不多，但是根据上下文选择常见多义词的词义依然是考生们在这道题上失分的重要原因。下面，我们就07年考题逐句做一分析。
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
[参考译文] 长期以来，在这些大学里，人们将法律知识学习看作是律师的专属，而不是一个受过教育的人知识储备的必要组成部分
[句式]这句话句式上不存在难点，只有has been viewed这一处动词，被动语态翻译时，考虑通过添加泛指主语转换为主动语态people have viewed legal learning as the special preserve of lawyers。Rather than，是考研中反复多次出现的考点，翻译成“而非，而不是”即可。
[选词]这句话中traditionally, institutions, equipment几个词的翻译很值得玩味。Traditionally是“传统地”这个意思，但是直接翻译为“传统地”明显无法与下文衔接，所以，要围绕核心含义根据上下文适当引申，试看：the oil-rich province of Kirkuk, which was traditionally Kurdish territory基尔库克省盛产石油，长期以来，一直是库族人的领土。所以根据上下文“traditionally”大可译为“长久以来”“长期以来”“在传统意义上”等能够保证上下文衔接，实现译文通顺准确的译法。
Such institutions中的institution到底译为“机构/组织”还是“制度”？我们经常说We know a word by the company it keeps, “要知意如何，关键看词伙”。那么这个such institutions到底指什么呢？我们说过，英文代词指代关系是就近指代，因此只要向前循序寻找就不难发现Canadian universities即为其指代对象，所以institutions当然应该翻译成“这些高校/大学/学院”等。
Equipment核心含义是“装备”，根据上下文intellectual equipment of an educated person, 稍作引申，“一个受过良好教育的人”具有的当然是“知识储备”。
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline whi